Viral Vector Vaccines - Vaccines

What are Viral Vector Vaccines?

Viral vector vaccines use a modified version of a different virus (the vector) to deliver genetic material from the virus that causes the disease. This approach helps the immune system recognize and respond to the actual pathogen.

How Do They Work?

The modified virus is rendered harmless and cannot cause disease. It contains the genetic instructions for producing a protein from the target virus. Once inside the body, cells use these instructions to produce the viral protein, which then triggers an immune response.

Examples of Viral Vector Vaccines

Some well-known viral vector vaccines include the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine and the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine. Both use a modified adenovirus as the vector.

Advantages

Viral vector vaccines can generate a strong immune response because they mimic a natural infection. They can also be engineered quickly once the genetic sequence of the target virus is known.

Limitations

One limitation is the potential pre-existing immunity to the viral vector, which might reduce the vaccine's effectiveness. Additionally, these vaccines may not be suitable for individuals with certain immune system conditions.

Safety and Efficacy

Viral vector vaccines undergo rigorous clinical trials to ensure they are safe and effective. The immune response they generate often provides strong and long-lasting immunity.

Storage and Distribution

Some viral vector vaccines can be stored at standard refrigerator temperatures, making them easier to transport and distribute compared to mRNA vaccines, which often require ultra-cold storage.

Future Prospects

Research is ongoing to develop viral vector vaccines for a range of diseases beyond COVID-19, including HIV, Zika, and Ebola. The technology holds promise for rapid response to emerging infectious diseases.

Relevant Publications

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine: Promise and Challenges.

Issue Release: 2024

SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Cytokine Profiles to mRNA, Viral Vector and Protein-Based Vaccines in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Beyond Interferon Gamma.

Issue Release: 2024

HTLV-1 vaccination Landscape: Current developments and challenges.

Issue Release: 2024

Towards broad-spectrum protection: the development and challenges of combined respiratory virus vaccines.

Issue Release: 2024

The 23rd Annual Meeting of the Rocky Mountain Virology Association.

Issue Release: 2024

Pharmacokinetic and Environmental Risk Assessment of Prime-2-CoV, a Non-Replicating Orf Virus-Based Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.

Issue Release: 2024

SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Assays Used in Clinical Trials: A Narrative Review.

Issue Release: 2024

Intranasal influenza-vectored COVID-19 vaccines confer broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 XBB variants in hamsters.

Issue Release: 2024

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein expression as an identification in quality control testing for Adenovector based COVID-19 vaccine.

Issue Release: 2024

Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review.

Issue Release: 2024

Long non-coding RNAs as promising targets for controlling disease vector mosquitoes.

Issue Release: 2024

The adenovirus DNA-binding protein DBP.

Issue Release: 2024

A potential dual protection vaccine: Recombinant feline herpesvirus-1 expressing feline parvovirus VP2 antigen.

Issue Release: 2024

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a trimeric full-length S protein subunit vaccine for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.

Issue Release: 2024

A simple method for rapid cloning of complete herpesvirus genomes.

Issue Release: 2024

Design of universal Ebola virus vaccine candidates via immunofocusing.

Issue Release: 2024

Recent Advances in Therapeutic Approaches Against Ebola Virus Infection.

Issue Release: 2024

Safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled and randomized clinical trials.

Issue Release: 2024

Risk of death following chikungunya virus disease in the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort, 2015-18: a matched cohort study and self-controlled case series.

Issue Release: 2024

A measles-vectored vaccine candidate expressing prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein brought to phase I/II clinical trials: candidate selection in a preclinical murine model.

Issue Release: 2024

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