The process begins by identifying a key protein of the virus, such as the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for COVID-19. Scientists then design an mRNA sequence that codes for this protein. Once injected into the body, the mRNA is taken up by cells, which then use their own cellular machinery to produce the viral protein. This protein is recognized as foreign by the immune system, which mounts a defense, including the production of antibodies. If the vaccinated individual is later exposed to the actual virus, their immune system can respond more rapidly and effectively.
