The measles virus is a highly contagious virus that belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family. It primarily affects children but can infect individuals of any age who are not immune. The virus is airborne, spreading through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Symptoms include high fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a characteristic red rash that typically starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body.