The key stages in vaccine production include: 1. Research and Development: This phase involves identifying antigens that can prevent diseases. 2. Preclinical Testing: Conducted in laboratories and on animals to assess safety and efficacy. 3. Clinical Trials: Conducted in three phases on humans to evaluate safety, dosage, and efficacy. 4. Regulatory Approval: National and international regulatory bodies review data before approving the vaccine for public use. 5. Manufacturing: Large-scale production of the vaccine. 6. Quality Control: Ensuring each batch meets stringent safety and efficacy standards. 7. Distribution: Coordinating logistics to deliver vaccines to various regions.
