Why is it a Challenge for Diseases like Influenza and HIV?
Influenza and HIV are prime examples of pathogens with high genetic variability. The influenza virus undergoes frequent changes in its surface proteins through processes known as antigenic drift and antigenic shift. This makes it difficult to create a universal flu vaccine. Similarly, HIV's rapid mutation rate and recombination events lead to a vast array of viral strains, complicating effective vaccine design.
